Your Position: Home - Energy - EV Charging Stations: Everything You Need To Know
Unlike a gasoline-fueled car, one major perk of an electric vehicle is that you can plug it in at home or use an EV charging station when you’re on the go.
Plugging into an electrical outlet at home is one thing. But those EV charging stations popping up at the end of big suburban parking lots or in urban parking garages open up a world of questions.
Good news! We have answers and a reminder not to be afraid of what is admittedly a very different infrastructure for electric cars than what you are used to with gas cars.
Spoiler alert: Electric cars are a cinch to charge once you work out the basics.
RELATED: How Do Electric Car Tax Credits Work?
First things first: Download a charging station location app to your smartphone. Every EV’s built-in navigation system can point you toward charging stations. But that is only half the battle. You will want the latest information, and many apps can tell you if the plugs are in use and if there is some fault with the station. This can save you tons of frustration.
Individual charging networks have their own apps. However, a widely used app is PlugShare, which relies on users to supply current information (pun intended) about charging stations. You’ll find out about any recent changes and developments. For instance, is the EV charger in a parking lot now under construction, or are those chargers temporarily off-limits or charging slower than usual?
PlugShare works with Android Auto and Apple CarPlay so that you can pull it up from most late-model EV touchscreens.
A good backup to download and utilize is ChargePoint. Sometimes it is easy to compare the two, and many users report that ChargePoint is more user-friendly than other apps.
Using the apps from charging station providers such as EVgo, Electrify America, and ChargePoint streamlines payment and allows for monitoring of your vehicle’s charging status. At public chargers, you do not need to use the car manufacturer app to get your EV plugged in and charged, though some carmakers may require it.
Some public stations provide charging at no cost. But free EV charging stations are far less common than those requiring payment.
You may wonder just how much it will cost to charge an electric car at a public charging station.
Generally speaking, most charging stations will charge by the kilowatt-hour (kWh), the amount of energy transferred to the car’s battery. Unless it’s a free charger, the fee for the session is more than what it would cost to plug your electric car in at home. Most households in the United States pay an average of 16 cents per kWh. It’s unlikely you’ll find many public chargers that offer to juice up your EV for less than that.
Fees at some public stations are priced per minute.
In many cases, individual station owners set charging prices. Just because there’s a ChargePoint network logo on the charger doesn’t mean prices are uniform. The charger at your local grocery store might not cost the same as the station in a nearby shopping center parking lot.
Some major retailers, such as Whole Foods, offer free charging through at many locations, though realistically, this perk is bound to expire at some point.
Additionally, most new car dealers offer free charging stations on-site, though their usefulness is dubious. For example, car dealership locations don’t tend to be in the most convenient areas. Also, dealers will need to use them for their cars. After hours, many dealers close gates that will prevent drivers from reaching those stations, too.
In short: Don’t expect to get by with free charging forever.
Still, it likely costs less than $5 to add 100-plus miles of range to most electric cars, making plugging in cheaper and greener than filling up with unleaded. However, certain vehicle models may be more expensive to charge than others. For example, charging a GMC Hummer EV pickup could cost a driver about $100 at a public charging station Level 3 DC fast charger.
Battery size is a fundamental part of the charging-time equation. It makes sense that smaller batteries can charge to capacity faster than larger batteries. However, many variables affect charging speeds. The level of battery technology, the quality of the equipment (both the charger and the vehicle), and environmental factors such as the ambient temperature affect how fast EVs charge.
In broad terms, Level 2 charging stations charge at about 6 kilowatts (kW) or a little higher and can add about 20 miles of range in an hour of charging at home or using a public charging station.
DC fast chargers use high-voltage direct current to charge at 50 kW and up to 350 kW if the car can accept that rate. It’s not uncommon for EVs to gain 80% charge in about 30 minutes or less during quick charging.
Here’s another rule of thumb regarding the time you spend at an EV charging station: The last 10% of EV battery charging can take as long as the first 90%.
Pulling into a filling station that’s unable to pump gas is an uncommon situation. Unfortunately, finding an EV charging station that’s out of order is not newsworthy. A study from the University of California Berkeley found significant reliability issues with fast chargers in the Greater Bay Area.
Charging networks claim uptime rates of 95% and higher. However, the study found almost 23% of 657 DC fast chargers in the nation’s biggest EV market were nonfunctional. The chargers were out of order because of “unresponsive or unavailable touchscreens, payment system failures, charge initiation failures, network failures, or broken connectors.”
Unlike their gasoline counterparts, EV charging stations rarely have an attendant watching over the equipment to help keep it operational. As a result, the public charging infrastructure has plenty of room for improvement.
To its credit, Electrify America ranked highest among EV charging networks in user experience in a 2021 study by Umlaut, an engineering services firm owned by Accenture. The study considered app usability, charging locations, and ease of completing a charging session.
RELATED: My First Time Charging an EV
Most public EV charging stations will require you to sign up for an account, though this is simple enough. These networks will store your credit card on file and typically give you a card to wave in front of the charger to activate a charging session. Hint: Keep that card in your glove box or center console.
From there, charging couldn’t be more effortless — and cleaner.
Pro Tip: Find a charging station near a restaurant or coffee shop, should you need to whittle away time. Read about taking an EV road trip and get tips.
A display at the charging station will show you how much electricity (and how much money) you’ve added to your electric car. And there will be a clearly marked phone number you can call if you have any questions or need assistance.
Most public charging stations deliver Level 2 power, adding 25 miles per hour to a Chevrolet Bolt EV, for example. Level 3 chargers or DC fast chargers, also known as direct current fast chargers, provide way more power, but they are far less common and cost more to use.
Tesla’s Supercharger network offers DC fast charging, but only to that automaker’s vehicles. And that brings up an important note for Tesla owners. To use a non-Tesla charger, you will need an adapter available for less than $100. Non-Tesla vehicles can use Tesla’s Level 2 Destination Chargers.
The most convenient places to top off are where your electric vehicle will most likely be parked: home and work. You’ll want a Level 2 charger at home, which requires 240-volt power reasonably close to the car.
Drivers who park in a private garage or even a driveway will likely have no issues. The 240-volt electricity is generally easy to add to a garage. The plug needed for a charger is the same as an electric clothes dryer.
Featured content:A brief unscientific survey of electricians across the country found an average installation cost of around $250 for a 240-volt outlet. However, numerous factors can make this estimate more expensive. That said, many new homes get built with accommodation for electric cars. Also, you can potentially find incentives to install chargers or get discounts on electricity rates.
From there, you will need to pick out a charger — plan to spend between $400 and $700. The charger plugs into your new 240-volt outlet and features a cable that plugs into your car. Longer cables are available for most chargers for drivers who need the charger inside a garage but must park outside.
Drivers who park on the street or use apartment garages may need to come up with another solution. Municipalities generally frown upon a charging cable stretching across the sidewalk to a car, and installing your charger in a multistory garage is, of course, a no-go.
EV charging costs less than filling a gas tank. And with the right planning you could charge for free.
Public EV charging stations are finally growing. The number of electric vehicle charging stations across the US has nearly doubled -- from 87,352 to 161,562 over the last three years and experts believe this growth trend will continue. According to the The Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, at least 140,000 of these charging stations are available to the public -- versus private access like a workplace.
Public charging stations usually charge by the kilowatt hour or for the amount of time you're plugged in. But there are ways you can fuel up your EV at no cost, from manufacturer incentives to ad-driven hookups. However, these no-fee charging options are likely to shrink over time.
"As more and more people are adopting electric vehicles, free charging perks will slowly subside, and it will be a charge for charge," said Grant Gold, director of real estate solutions at EV Connect.
Until then, find out how savvy motorists are getting a free charge.
According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, public charging has experienced tremendous growth since 2019 and accounting for about 88% of all charging ports. Public charging infrastructure is an important part of EV adoption as it supports long-distance travel those without access to home charging.
Some larger chain businesses offer free charging as a customer perk (and to keep you in the store longer). There are no-fee stations at dozens of Macy's department stores and Cinemark movie theaters, for example.
Kohl's also offers free charging at select locations, as do supermarkets like Fred Meyer, Stop & Shop, Harris Teeter, Kroger, Safeway and Whole Foods.
A number of hotels and inns offer free EV charging for guests, including select Marriott and Hilton locations. Tesla and owners of other EVs can also charge their vehicles for free when they stay or eat at Radisson hotels.
The software of the charging station "allows the site host to control the pricing," Gold says. "The hotel will have the option to use it as an incentive to attract guests or they can charge what they want on an individual basis."
Check ahead before making a reservation, or visit charging map services such as PlugShare, ChargeFinder or ChargeHub to view the status of area stations.
Many colleges have EV charging on campus. Some make it free for students, professors and staff and, on some campuses, even visitors.
Santa Clara University, the University of Florida and the University of Buffalo, for example, all provide free charging in partnership with ChargePoint.
Typically, there are restrictions: The University of Florida, for example, enforces a four-hour time limit, and you must have a university parking sticker if you're charging before 4:30 p.m.
There are more than 140 chargers available across 23 parks and campgrounds nationwide, according to Kampgrounds of America. Some are free, including six Level 2 charging stations at the Oasis at Death Valley in California, which are powered by the resort's onsite solar field.
Rivian sponsors dozens of Waypoint chargers at California's Yosemite National Park and Golden Gate National Recreation Area. In a partnership with Adopt a Charger, the EV automaker is set to fund 10 years of operation and maintenance costs for both.
In January 2022, Rivian announced plans to install 10,000 more Waypoint chargers across the US and Canada by the end of 2023, including in the majority of Tennessee and Colorado state parks.
You can find a map of EV charging stations in the National Park System.
There are more than 3,600 Volta charging stalls across 35 US states and territories, mostly in shopping malls, stadiums, amusement parks and hospitals in major cities.
Volta was acquired by Shell in 2023 and uses an ad-supported model, meaning you'll be exposed to a host of ads at the charging station. But, Volta offers EV drivers access to Level 2 charging for 30 minutes for free -- which equals about 35 miles of range. You can download the Volta Charging app to find a station nearest you.
Many automakers offer free charging packages to attract new customers. Tesla no longer provides unlimited free Supercharging with new models, but it often offers complimentary charging promotions to boost sales, like at the end of a quarter.
In addition to the options cited above, there are hundreds of libraries, museums, government offices, nonprofits and private businesses that offer free EV charging.
Charging map services such as PlugShare, ChargeFinder or ChargeHub show stations across the country, with a setting for free chargers. Just go to the filters and find the option for free charging.
You can also get information on how many minutes you can charge, at what level, the status of the station and more.
Since much of this info is primarily crowdsourced, you may want to double-check its accuracy.
Read on: 12 Places That Offer EV Charging While You Shop
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